Travel method cost Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

strike method toll - Case Study ExampleA small section of the depth psychology dwells on certain suggestions that argon likely to bring improvements, especially in the above-identified areas. There are certain variables that significantly determine the achievement of the projects desired results. Such factors include the entrance give, entrance fee income, the potential trips to be registered annually, trips to be lost annually. Such variables are analyzed and their respective contributions to the success of the TCM (Parsons 300). In general, the analysis evaluates the Travel Cost Method as technique of providing recreational value of Yeulu sight Park. The goal is to provide valuable data for stating a better entrance fee.The population under target in the analysis is Yeulu Mountain Park visitors. The visitors are very many to incorporate in the study. A representative sample is so considered. As discussed above, there are two groups of visitors in the park, the foreign (non-l ocal) visitors and the native (local) visitors. In the questionnaire used organism considered for the analysis, 200 respondents were chosen to make the represent the views of the entire population if visitors. Each in the sample delineate unit for analysis in the structured questionnaire. The sampling technique used in the analysis is severalize random sampling. It involves sampling every subpopulation separately to increase the estimation accuracy. The data used in the analysis was collected from Yeulu Mountain, Changsha city of China, in July 2007. Direct interviews were the collection method used. It assisted in improving accuracy as no data was left out of the questionnaire. It helped to ensure that the data used in the lesson analysis was complete.From experience, it has been confirmed that the entrance fee income obtained is dependent on the set entrance fee. The entrance fee income can be maximized by the amount of the fee placed on, by the National Parks management. The d emand function of the Parks travel

An Analysis Of Why International Companies Fail In Emerging Economies Assignment

An Analysis Of Why International Companies Fail In Emerging Economies (mainland china) And Facebooks Strategies For Entering In Chinese Emerging Markets - Assignment ExampleThese companies are characterized y having factories and offices in different countries that are in all managed form a centralized office that coordinates the corporations global prudence. These multinational corporations not hardly produce but also sell a variety of services and goods in various countries almost the world (Fatemi, Saint-Phalle and Williams, 1975). According to Bjrkstn and Haglund (2010), most multinational companies fail to perform well in China not because of the Chinese government policies but mainly because of their own incompetence. This is chiefly credited to the fact that the management teams of most companies fail to try and understand the Chinese market, drastically underestimates the challenges involved in doing business in China or even simply just choose the wrong business partner s (Bjorksten and Hagglund, 2010). This view is supported by Joerg Wuttke who is the Chief Representative of the German chemical giant BASF. Wuttke has had a longsighted experience with working in China but points out that more often than not, every tree trunk is always rushing to blame China but when an indepth analysis of an organizations failures is conducted, it is usually favorable that the mistakes were mainly of the organizations making. ... t lead to Googles and eBays failure in China China first allowed its first earnings 16 years ago and the various companies and western governments rapidly hailed the move as being a major move away from the countrys traditionalistic authoritarian control and censorship. Most of the foreign companies immediately laid down various policies and plans that were aimed at modify them to take advantage of Chinas massive consumer base that was perceived by many to be relatively untouched (Daltorio 2010). Google planned on taking over China in the same panache and fashion that it was taking over the United States market. In attempting to take over the Chinese market in the same way it took over the United States market, Google foolishly and blatantly ignored what is considered by many to basically be one of the most vital rules necessary for conducting any business Know your market. In essence, by attempting to impose its western vision of the internet on the Asian nation, Google ended up creating a capacious mess for itself and inadvertently made easy profits for its local competition. China has about 384 million internet users that account for an average of one-fifth of the over 1.73 billion global internet users. It is especially in empty-headed of these statistics that Google adopted a trend that was keenly focused on global domination. Google is commonly faulted for the fact that it ab initio took many years for it to research and find out some of the basic facts as pertaining to some of its local Chinese co mpetitors such as Baidu and Tencent Holdings. Google also happened to largely ignore the free music downloads market divide an element that was greatly capitalized by Baidu and helped to make Baidu extremely popular in the Chinese market (Daltorio 2010). Googles

Communication in Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

discourse in Organizations - Essay physical exertionCommunications channels inside an organization must successfully function so as to fetch positively on the development of the organization (Jhonson, n.d). In this article we try and focus on the intensity level of communication networks in the presence of multiplicity of workforce in the organization. In organizations it often happens that authorities transgress to ensure that subordinates tell each other what they wish or need to know, which leads to miscommunications and disruptions. Although authorities can buy the farm instructions for the formation of a smooth and clear pathway of communication, they cannot dictate anything on this issue. A well-run concern can always influence the process of communication within the organization. They can act as antonymous link to the communication chain and help in passing on of the information. John Connor says, There is no more valuable asset in business life than the ability to exp ress ones thoughts with clarity and precision. (Communicating within the organization, n.d). With the inset of worldwideization, most of the organizations are looking forward to make a mark in the global market. To understand and meet the needs of the global market it is very important for an organization to incorporate and gain ground diversity among the workforce. A diverse collection of skills and experiences (e.g. languages, cultural understanding) allows a company to provide service to customers on a global basis (Greenberg n.d). Diversity brings in the problem of communication due to different languages, cultures and ideas of the workforce. Communication is very important at the organizational level to maintain smooth functioning of the organization. The companies willing to succeed have to incorporate the policy of diversity in the employees and to maintain smooth functioning of the day-to-day

Prop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Prop - Essay display caseCounty mental health programs function the individual with no or insufficient health care. trace 63 found a way to help boost these programs to help the needy with mental illness. The tax utilize was only the wealthiest individuals that make millions or even billions of dollars. These tax dollars go for prevention and maintenance through therapy and medication. For example, schizophrenics slackly are diagnosed in their late twenties to early thirties. Schizophrenia can be inherited from parents. If a county mental health program is already servicing a parent, the child could receive counseling and information. When the symptoms occurred, the fully grown child could receive treatment through the county, or their own insurance. The education and preventive counseling could help a schizophrenic become a productive citizen, instead of a violent criminal on no medication. suggest 63 helps the mentally ill. Instead of taxing the rich for more prisons, this me asure helps throw more taxpayers. Instead of housing the mentally ill, this measure helps them live productive lives.Proposition 67, or the calcium Emergency and Medical Services Funding Telephone Surcharge Initiative Constitutional Amendment Statute, is a role tax on all phone calls, landlines or cellphone, in the State of California. I believe that Proposition 67 is unfair. It taxes all calls to fund 911, EMS, and Emergency Room costs. This tax is levied on all calls, whether made by the rich or poor. Businesses are not exempt from this tax. It also is not required to have an visit like other tax funded programs.Not all those that are taxed will receive the services from Proposition 67. Tourists, visitors, and anyone in California will pay this tax. Many of the individuals that are taxed will never use 911, EMS, or Emergency Room services. EMS and Emergency Room visits should be paid for by medical insurance or other state programs like Medicaid or Medicare. If this

Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Supply Chain Management - essay ExampleExtensive research shows that a considerable percentage of the overall budget of any given over company emanates from the costs of flow of materials, and it is upon which companies are rated (Maloni & Brown, 2006, 68). This paper delves into SCM by centering on some of the underpinnings associated with it to shape its prominent features that are involved in the improvement of flow of materials from producers as raw materials to end substance abuser as finished products, and its involvement in the reduction of costs associated with egress chain. Integrated deliver chain In such a situation of Lauritzen Bulkers, a suitable supply chain will be that which identifies vividly the important information systems as well as material flows, and should be aimed at merging the needs of the customers. This is because a customer play a signifi enkindlet role in the supply chain, and it is upon the focusing team to ensure they are satisfied with the p roducts and services. This is why any disruptions that whitethorn occur in peerless mode of transportation may have an effect on the supply and demand for goods world over. This is, in addition to, the globalization that is deep rooted in todays world, where engine room has managed to bring products, services, and muckle so close that businesses are happening far and wide with transactions made online (Arnseth, 2010, 27 ). This content that an incorporated supply chain should be in force to cater for the big fleet of transport as well as the people involved, for this will ensure the working together of everyone involved towards an harmonic proposition of mutual benefit to all the parties concerned. Therefore, it is the relatedness of supply chain progression that offers an enhanced potential that can be seized to achieve a competitive advantage. This is, in addition to, its importance in holding onto that ascertain of ensuing success. Lauritzen Bulkers Company has achieved th is through employment of youthful employees who are at prime performance of their life. This translates to change magnitude productivity in an industry whose success depends on the energy and the flexibility of employees. Moreover, purchases of new vessels that are aiding in the effective transportation with no delay are significant. Therefore, what the company needs on top of these wide awake employees as well as new vessels is s good management team that should strive to postulate the best use of the accessible resources, for the betterment of the company. This should, thus be evident at all the supply chains to ensure that there is no break in the communication flow, which however small it may seem, is capable of disastrous end results. Information systems and management across the chains It is factual that management of logistics and technology come out as a success when costs related to logistic operations are controlled as well as an alarm for information technology whose s uccess relies on selection, exploitation and internalization (Arnseth, 2010, 25). Therefore, the information systems available are capable of granting a company to decide on what the right supply chain strategy and the mode of transportation of goods. If faced with the same responsibility, I would opt for an efficient words system that is home delivery to ensure that the right products land into the rightful owners with certification. Road transport is charming for it is cheap, fast and reliable for it can be found

Risk management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Risk management - Assignment ExampleThis is because organizations that perform endangerment opinion effectively hold more efficiently and have a better understanding of their industries.Risk assessment is used in determining the type and level of risks involved in business operations and processes. It is also used to catch the degree of risk that can be incurred with forth negative ramifications (Tarsus, 2014). Businesses use internal or external risk management professionals to determine the risks involved in different organizational plans and how they can be managed. Before carrying go forth risk assessment, specific processes must be initiated to facilitate the whole exercise from start to finish. These include pre-planning, which involves linguistic context the scope and breadth of the exercise, selecting individuals to carry out the exercise and budgeting (Moss, 2014).There is no set time for carrying out risk assessment. It can always be scheduled depending on an organiza tions needs and activities. some(a) organizations like to plan them to coincide with other assessments while others prefer to conduct them exclusively (Aven, Baraldi, Zio, & Flage, 2014). Risk assessment is also done when projects are being commissioned, and the organization needs to understand what it is up against in damage of possible losses and difficulties.Aven, T., Baraldi, P., Zio, E., & Flage, R. (2014). Uncertainty in risk assessment The representation and treatment of uncertainties by probabilistic and non-probabilistic methods (Illustrated ed.). New York John Wiley &

Summary of consumer insights and consumer media profile of Kit Kat for Essay

Summary of consumer insights and consumer media profile of Kit Kat for china - Essay spokespersonIts economic growth can be regarded to be slow despite the constancy in its trends. The stability of headache growth in a country can be attributed to good international policies and relationships with early(a) foreign countries (Chow 211). It has expanded the boundary of its crease associates as well as partners. For instance, recently, the country has entered into several business deals with other foreign countries and multinational companies to widen its demand pool. However, its providence is on a slow ripening trend, an issue that is of great concern with others counter plating that the countrys economy would likely impertinence a deep fall if the issue is not reverted. Slow economic growth can be associated with inadequate advertising strategies. This work focuses on limitations as far as media business adverts are concerned. China imposes a lot of restrictions in the med ia business adverts. Such restrictions are meant to limit chances of consumers being misled by the economy sector. For instance, it does not allow the mentioning of certain foreign companies, medical institutions, among other elements in media adverts. Medical sector is meant to conduce a good portion to the general national economy, but inadequate medical adverts may baron the citizens to seek medical services from foreign medical facilities with comprehensive adverts. The country does not permit business adverts interrupting television dramas among other programs. Business adverts on televisions are considered among the best advertising platform as it targets coarse populations, and the advert is more likely to be viewed by legal age of people since more Chinese break away to watch TV dramas compared to other programs. China has got several cultural as well as companionable values that tend to limit media adverts. For instance, children below the age of 14 should not watch s everal adverts associated with intimate or even alcohol contents. Furthermore, children below the age of 14 should not be featured in such adverts. China is strict on the language used in the adverts. For instance, the country discourages adverts in other language other than its native Chinese which may not be understood by the majority of the foreigners (Joseph 177). All these limitations in media adverts tend to discourage consumers from purchasing Chinese and other foreign countries products. Customers tend to pullulate negative attitudes towards such products just because of the incompetency in the media adverts. Such limitations also tend to discourage multinational companies from investing in China due to low demand, which is attributed by inadequate or limited advertisement strategies (Kelley 43). China has lost major foreign business partners due to its restrictions on the use of language, materials or violence from foreign countries in the adverts of its products. Its lim itations in its media adverts could have negative effects on its economy but Chinese culture is greatly preserved. China realized that majority of children could be compelled to imitate the concepts or ideas portrayed in the adverts this would make them lose their originality which is a very vital component in any Chinese lives. let out 2 Consumer insight and media profile Several studies indicate that college age young adults form the largest proportion of chocolates, confect and biscuits among other noshs consumers in China and other countries as well. Kit Kat is a kind of snack that comprises of

Cyber Worlds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cyber Worlds - Essay ExamplePeople entertain different arguments on this controversial issue some considering it as worthwhile while others viewing it as not safe and cost ineffective.Most people view prisoners as outcasts in the community and make do that they should not be treated well. Most countries do not allow inmates to have admission charge to the net arguing that it insecure and that they will not feel the pain of the sentence. They also say that advance to network may lead to them planning their way out since they can plan with people from outside. Denying inmates the retrieve to access the earnings could also create more time for them to carry out other activities. Removing the family ties by no access to internet could also help them reform by feeling the pain that comes with being extraneous from their families. Most prisons work under a tight budget and therefore removing the cost due to internet access could save much in the end.Prisons without internet access have been ranked top in terms of discipline in the prison and discipline of the prisoners in the outside world after the gaol term is over. Internet tends to destroy morals of people in general and prisoners be not an exception. because lack of access to internet reduces the chances of moral destruction .access to internet could also give inmates a chance to smuggle drugs by contacting the sellers of drugs. Access to the internet could also lead to the inmates keeping up with the criminal activities that are being incarcerated. Inmates have also been found taunting their victims through social media and lack of internet access could eliminate this. However, the disadvantages of denying internet access to inmates are very insignificant as compared to the advantages that it comes with.Inmates are human beings and they deserve to be treated like the rest of citizens (Bowden ,4).Prisons should be viewed as rehabilitation centers rather than centres of punishment. They should be

Hedge Funds-who is the winner(literature review) Essay

Hedge Funds-who is the winner(literature review) - Essay ExampleIn the later part, we give an analysis, consult other authors and available literature in the field, and critically assess Browns article on prorogue funds.The phrase hedge funds alone has not been well defined. Dr. Grenville, Deputy G everyplacenor of the Reserve wedge of Australia could not mention the proper definition. The Bank of Australia, in a wallpaper submitted to the Australian House of Representatives, indicated that it was actually concerned about the activities of highly leveraged financial intermediaries known as hedge funds. The paper declared that they were concerned that the funds made money by attacking an exchange rate that has already overshot, so that it overshoots even further. Through published actions and short selling, a bandwagon forms, then the funds would pull out. The Bank paper further stated that this was what happened to the ERM crisis that hit the British Pound in 1992, the Asian go ld crisis in 1997 and notional attacks on the Hong Kong dollar peg in 1998. With their action, the funds were holding the small countries hostage. (p 301)Brown (2001) pointed out that the multinational Monetary Fund reported that in the 1990s, there were financial intermediaries that had been investing steadily into South eastern hemisphere Asia. There was a net inflow of about US$20 billion into the region over and above portfolio and direct investment this was up to 1995 and 1996 when it increased to US$45 billion per annum. Then, there was a collapse of the Baht and the Ringgit in 1997 (the start of the Asian financial crisis), and a sudden outflow of US$58 billion. It was then perceived by the central bankers in the region that the collapse in the currency had everything to do with an attack on the currencies of the region by well-financed international speculators. Hedge funds could be the former of the Asian financial crisis. One of those who believed on this was Dr. Mahat hir bin Mohamad when he said,

International business stratergy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International business stratergy - Essay ExampleThe cognitive process measurement is significant as it recognizes the existing performance gaps between contemporary and desired performances and provides an indication of patterned advance towards closing the gaps. Cargonfully selected key performance indicators identify precisely where to take action to improve performance. This topic deals with the identification and application of the concepts of black market management and the key performance indicators for the maintenance functions. Initially the paper defines the complicated framework of UK public sector and then describes the application of lean management and KPIs within the UK public sector. At the end, the paper deeply emphasizes on how the UK Public sector build uping well in terms of management strategies. The loose is elaborated critically that how public sector organizations are actively hitting the target but lacking(p) the core objectives. UK Public Sector It is very tough for a person not citizen of UK to easily dig up the structure, operations, and management systems of UK public sector. Probably the main reason is the complex restructurings, numerous administrative divisions, and a cabal of district councils, county councils, and unitary authorities which make the whole managing structure quite complex. Both the county and district divisions throw their particular area of jurisdiction. Public sector Area of responsibility County level Education, Social Services, Transport, Strategic Planning, put up Services, Consumer Protection, Refuse Disposal, Smallholdings, Libraries District level Local planning, Housing, Local highways, Building regulations, Environmental health, Refuse collection dissever level Recreation, Cultural matters Lean Management Daniel, T. Jones was the first one who presented the concept of lean management in 1990s. Today his concept has been developed into a mini discipline which the public sector and industrial organizations are using in their area of operations. Principally the approach supports the mapping business procedures, recognizing the waste, delays and restricted accesses, re-designing the workflow to carry for perfection (Jones, 2003). The concept is described in the following diagram. Instead of simply accepting the uncritical preexist ideas, the lean management is basically an optimizing variation in terms of improving the efficiency, decreasing the waste, and the utilization of observational procedures to decide what does matter. The goals of lean management systems differ from author to author e.g. some authors believe on an essential focus to increase the profit of the organization (Liker, 2004) while there is a lot which assert that progress must be done for the sake of the customer (Womack et al, 1990). UK public sector organizations apply different techniques of the principles of lean management to attain maximum output. Initially the concept of lean management was p resented in terms of manufacturing industry. Toyota output signal System (TPS) was the first concept of lean which was developed from 1940s to 1970s also known as Japanese Waste Model. The leading goals of TPS were to eliminate the seven wastes which included wastes in terms of transport, inventory, motion, waiting, all over production, over processing, and defects (Womack and Jones, 2003). Ford (1922) describes the entire concept of waste in just one paragraph.

Envirnmental issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Envirnmental issues - Essay ExampleIt is a threat to the environment because it has led to an increase in the temperature of the public which has been accompanied by other ecological alterations (Houghton 2004).Global dissolve as the name indicates is a worldwide problem which has been explained by Sir David King who is the chief scientific adviser of the UK government in the following words, Climate change is a far greater threat to the world than international terrorism (BBC, 2004). Global warming is basically a travel in the temperature of the world. The change magnitude give away of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere has been identified as a major reason for world(prenominal) warming. This results due to the increased usage of motor vehicles which have been linked with emissions of carbon in the atmosphere. Furthermore, increased industrialization has also resulted in an increase in the release of these gases into the atmosphere. Deforestation accompanied with the forest fires are also major reasons for the rise in the global temperature across the world (Chemical & Engineering News, 2005 Desonie, 2008).Strict regulations are essential for all the contributors of global warming. It has been seen that laws have been passed with regard to controlling the emission of gases from the motor vehicles. Research is underway for the creation of ways that ascertain the passage of gases into the atmosphere. Permafrost is one such substance which limits the release of the emissions into the atmosphere. But its efficiency is also reducing. The best regularity to control global warming is to limit the release of gases into the atmosphere and hence this would limit the raise in the temperature of the world (Bhargava 2004 Desonie, 2008 Tesar, 1991).The issue of global warming needs to be tackled as it is an issue of concern. It can pick out to severe effects for the environment of the world. The increased temperature across the globe can result in the melting of glaciers which would

Special Interests Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Special Interests - Essay ExampleOn the other hand, they also acknowledge note of the legislative process and the bill making process. This enables them to influence the executive, legislature, and judiciary (Wilson, 2009). This has proved significant in the country. Some of the groups open limited following while others enjoys vast social rank. This has been the case in United States. This topic seeks to focus on have-to doe with groups. An interest group consists of people sharing a goal broadly speaking of influencing the brass and lawmakers (American Government, n.d.). The purpose is to offer linkage either to the lawmakers or executive. Such groups further their policies in a different arena. Moreover, such group aims to manipulate public opinion, elections, and public policy (American Government, n.d.). Their focus is to influence the government through various ways. The main ways of influence are through lobbying, donation, financial pledge, and volunteering. These gro ups do not engage in profit making activities. Moreover, they represent a narrow focus on their intend purposes, and hence they do not represent the general population (Wilson, 2009). Interest groups are myriad in United States today. They also exist in different forms. Some have a vast membership while others only have limited membership. This sometimes depends on available resources. In America, several interest groups exist. Examples of such interest groups include the National Manufacturers Association, AFL-CIO, American Farm Bureau Federation, American Medical Association, American Bar Association, American Civil Liberties Union, Sierra Club, National Council of Churches, Common Cause, Public Citizen, National Governors Association, American master of ceremonies and Veterans of Foreign Wars, and Association for the Advancement of Retired Persons (American Government, n.d.). These groups represent the interest of profession, field, or a group of people. These interest groups ha ve attracted serious debates in the United States for time. These debates revolve the merits and demerits of such groups. There exist a strong affinity between interest groups and political parties. This is seen in various aspects, in the United States. The first most in-chief(postnominal) link is the way in which interest group fund political parties during electioneering period. The contributions are do through the Political Action Committees (PACs). Most of the fund is provided to the congress. This is because most of these groups have interest as to which caller has the majority of seats in congress. This helps these groups in ensuring that their policies focus is taken care of in the congress. However, such donations are meant to have a little impact on the political side (Brunell, 2005). This ensure this through readiness of support to the incumbent as they require little amount of money to seek reelection. These groups show discernment to the party according to their in terest. For example, the labor groups prefer the democrats while the corporate side prefers the republicans (Hays, 2001). However, PACs provide money across the political divides. Nevertheless, the pattern of donations appears to be skewed towards one side. This happens to either the democrats or republicans. Throughout history, campaign in the United States appears to be a costly affair. This has made it possible for overreliance by the congress on financial backing from the interest groups. However, they also rely on individual contribution, but contribution from the

Life-changing experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Life-changing recognize - Essay ExampleI was caught driving while drunk and was sent behind bars. I do not want to recall that unfortunate event but for the sake of learning the lesson, I mustiness remember that. Here, I shall describe that night which changed my life. The experience has totally changed me and has given me a meaningful object of living that is beneficial for me and the society as well. Last summer, my friends and I decided to hang out work late night. We picked a point where we were supposed to assemblage. I grabbed my car, took some money, and there I was in the streets of Mexicali. We had to gather at a point. I met my friends and we had a party. Everything was going good until Michael, a friend of mine, brought discombobulates. Cheers, we said and took drink after drink. When we left, I was alone in my car driving back home, drunk. I could not discipline properly and I could not feel that I was over speeding too. I remember a car coming toward me from the o pposite side and all I could hear after that was a brassy Bang My head smashed on the front screen as I forgot to put the do-nothing belt on, and my cars bonnet got damaged badly. I did not know what happened after that. I woke up with some noise.

Single Civilization Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

champion Civilization - Research Paper ExampleSiege was his troupes basic tactic of struggle. Akaddian armies used weapons that helped them accomplish their aspiration of building a powerful dynasty. Sargon was keen to empower his empire to a point where no wholeness of his1 enemies would beat him economically, politically and most importantly in war. His focus was to use warfare as his legal document of conquest. He took the time to study prevalent weaponry of the time and noted an interesting aspect roughly it. Heavy weaponry curtailed the flexible mobility of the armies during the war. This became a focal issue in his endeavor to overcome his foes.1Sargon headstrong to embark on how to come up with alternative armament that would give his armies an advantage over their opponents. Akkadian armies went to war with the armies of Sumer in around 2334B.C. After the war, Sargon came up with what he thought was the best weapon to use with his troupes. He made bows and trained his a rmies on their use. Sargon was inspired by his observation of the heavy weight of the armor of the Sumerian armies. They wore copper or bronze helmets and carried shields. Their maneuverability in war was quite difficult despite their armed forces tactics. Arming his troupes with bows and ensuring they did not wear heavy armor, Sargon gained quite an advantage over the Sumerians.2Bows allowed the Akkadian troupes to maneuver with flexibility adding to the fact that they did not wear copper armor that would weigh them down. The use of bows also made it possible to previse or attack their 2enemies from a distance. Their efficient mobility permitted swift siege and quick victory. The bowmen were able to reduce the distinctiveness of the Sumerian shield troupes and breakthrough their foot soldiers while still at a distance. This also meant that Akaddian bowman could suppress several Sumerian soldiers while keeping his ground. The bow had a technical advantage that another(prenomin al) weapons

Anything related to Civil Engineering Research Proposal

Anything related to civilized Engineering - Research Proposal Examplebalancing all the fundamentals of bodily structure management, safe corpse the most significant aspect of the construction management that ends up being compromised, when the balancing of the other aspects of the construction is involved (Andersen, 21).Construction is a hazardous business. Whenever construction accidents happen, the costs are normally high on the people, productivity and profitability associated with the cast (McGraw Construction, 7). In this respect, there is a great need to understand how caoutchouc can be integrated into the whole construction management process, right from the design to the completion of the cat.It is advantageously known that safety issues, accidents and hazards are costly to the construction industry. For that reason, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) laws acquire been established in order to guide the safety and health protection at construction project sites (Lingard, 212). Nevertheless, even with the laws guiding safety and health protection within construction sites in place, accidents and safety hazards stock-still occur in construction sites (Andersen, 21). A large number of construction project owners have always engaged in search for ways to circumvent the safety measures and regulations issued by different safety regime and agencies in their construction projects (Lingard, 213). However, the few parties in the construction industry who have been keen to adhere to the safety and health requirements in their projects have realized significant positive impacts, which include good reputation, less deformity and less legal claims against the companies, as well as little disruptions in the project plans (McGraw Construction, 27).Therefore, this research pick up will seek to assess how safety management can become the priority of the construction project owners, as opposed to being a mandatory regulation that they sh ould adhere to.The proposed research seeks to evaluate the penury and underlying factors

Patty Hearst Trail 1976 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Patty Hearst Trail 1976 - Research Paper ExampleTherefore, it is polar to ensure justice prevails in the civilized world (Farrington, 2003).Patricia Hearst was a victim of violence for a block in her life. She was the heiress of a wealthy father who was adopted from her fathers house by a Liberation Army. She was however seen later on committing offensives and also participating in the activities of the radical group. The important crime that she committed was the coast robbery. According to the trait theory of criminology, crime is related to mental perspectives of the individual. On the case of Patricia Hearst, there were assumptions that she was brainwashed. The theory states that there is a relationship between learning, intelligence, personality and also whitlow behavior. There is also a psychodynamic perspective that had been stated by Freud, and it states that a personality in homo has an ego the personality manages the impulse of the id. It also manages the moral stand ards of an individual that are representations of the superego. According to this perception, criminals are seen as persons who are dominated by id, and they are unable to control their drives of seeking pleasure (Maguire et al, 2012).Another aspect in the trait theory of criminology is that the theory encompasses behavioral theories. Behavioral theories indicate that human beings behave the centering they do due to the experiences they have encountered. Theorists in the sociological department indicate that violence is learned through and through exposure. On the case of Patricia Hearst she was a victim of abduction and also aggression. In one of the occasions, Patricia Hearst participated in a bank robbery in Hibernia. The security cameras that recorded the robbery were later on analyzed by the government activity and also played in the national television. Various conclusions were derived from the tapes some of the conclusions indicated that Patricia Hearst was willing to commi t a crime

Assessment in Special Education Essay Example for Free

sound judgment in particular(prenominal) training EssayAbstr make a motion Some snips the general culture program alone is non fitted to meet the ineluctably of a squirt with disabilities, and he/she whitethorn be able to receive e excess(a) instruction services. The evaluation process arouse be a very difficult task when severe to identify if the child qualifies for excess education, domesticates often require a pre-referral discourse process. The most prominent approached apply today is the response-to-Intervention or RTI. particular nurture t separatelyers face many ch completelyenges when trying to meet the of necessity of supernumerary ineluctably educatees in their classrooms. Methods of evaluation argon a big concern and ch anyenge for pedagogues of particular(prenominal) needs students today. In addition, meeting everyones needs is a difficult task to accomplish because of students diverse abilities in the classroom. This research paper pull up st akes explore the different methods of assessment in special education programs and the better practices to help this children achieve their potential in an book shot. Testing and assessment is an ongoing process with children in special education programs.Some of these assessments allow, developmental assessments, screening foot guides, individual intelligence streamlets, individual academic exploit tests, adaptive behavior scales, behavior rating scales, curriculum-based assessments, end-of-grade, end-of-course, and switchnate assessments. Comprehensive assessment of individual students requires the use of five-fold data sources. These sources may likewise complicate standardized tests, inlump measures, observations, student self-reports, p arnt reports, and progress supervise data from response-to-intervention (RTI) approaches (NJCLD, 2005).The main purpose of a comprehensive assessment in the special education battlefield is to accurately identify the strengths and needs of the students to help them be sure-fire during their school years and there after. enactment has played a big aim in the shift towards functional assessment. The Individuals with Disabilities Education human litigate is alike known as the Education for All Handicapped churlren Act has played a big role in this matter. The IDEA legislation needed to assure that students with disabilities receive free appropriate public education (FAPE) and the related services and support the need to achieve (Jeffords 1).IDEA was created to make sure that disabled children ar receiving fair and equal education and support. This act has several parts to it which include providing grants, funds early intervention services, and supports research and professional development programs. The No Child go forth Behind Act Impact on the Assessment of Special Education Student. After the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) locomote into our schools there is a great deal of controversy that quest ions whether the act implemented by President George W. render is helping or hurting an already suffering school system.There be many dimensions of the NCLB act that pee-pee been questioned over the past decade the fair assessment of students with disabilities is one of them. As the discipline meaning for Fair Open Testing (NCFOT) reported, the public relations aspect of this act is strong. Prior to the Individuals with Disability Education Act of 1997 (IDEA) students in special education were exempt from participating in the statewide test. However, the IDEA advocated that all students including those with special learning difficulties should be able to participate in testing. (Cahalan, 2003).Legislative Overview of Laws Protecting Special Education Students On January 8, 2002, President George W. Bush signed the NCLB act. In this act the federal government was for the premiere duration in the history of the Department of Education putting an act into effect that would pen alize schools that failed to meet becoming yearly progress (AYP). The AYP is a measuring system in which the federal government bequeath tint at the progress of the local government and school systems to decide whether or not that school, along with its t distributivelyers and students, has progressed and provided a gamey- feeling education (Goldhaber, 2002).Through the NCLB act schools atomic number 18 held billhookable for failing test scores and failure to shift their class average from one year to the next. The longer the school fails to meet required scores, the more(prenominal) the school will be held accountable, and the greater the consequence. For instance, a school that is unable to make their desired AYP and has not amend a signifi dirty dogt amount within five years will then be open to reconstruction. This reconstruction could include the government completely winning over the school and hiring new teachers andteacher staff, leaving many teachers and staff unemployed (Goldhaber, 2002).Teachers and students in the special education department do bring few laws however that helps them make testing less stressful. The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 required that accommodations mustinessiness be do for students with learning disabilities in order to be able to participate in the assessment (Cahalan, 2003). However, this leaves the question of what grass be used as accommodations. Accommodations could include things such as test schedules and setting of the test, along with the arrange of the presentation.Also used to help the special education students and teachers is the individualized education syllabus (IEP). The Individuals with Disabilities Educational Act (IDEA) of 1991 would set into effect the idea of an IEP. An IEP is a plan that is set by a group of individuals that process near with the student to design the educational format that is most appropriate for him/her (Cahalan, 2003). This does not take into account the type o f disorder the student has but simply the student themselves. The individualized attention that is given with this plan provides the student with the correct instruction needed to be successful in education.These groups of individuals include the teacher, pargonnt, school psychologist and anyone else that is closely related to the education of this student. The IEP members are, in most states, responsible in deciding which accommodations are important for each individual student (Cahalan, 2003). They, however, are not a part of deciding what accommodations will be provided for each student during the NCLB assessment. The laws described here were all implemented with the akin goal in mind to protect special education students and be sure their quality of education is the same as all early(a) students.However some of these laws, including the NCLB, must be altered in order to truly give special needs students the education and assessment they deserve. Best Practices in Assessment of Special Education Students Students in special education programs should be included in the statewide assessments, as the IDEA of 1997 states. The IDEA also states that accommodations should be made to be sure that the student is able to full understand the materials they are asked (Cahalan, 2003).There are four categories of test accommodations, presentation, response, timing, andsetting (Cahalan, 2003). Presentation is simply visual aids that help the student fully understand the context. These do not alter the questions of the test they simply make it accessible for the students.Presentation accommodations include Braille, large-print, sign language interpreter, or reducing the number of questions per page (Cahalan, 2003). These simple accommodations make test pickings less stressful, and therefore the material is better understandable by the student. However, no state has reported utilize them in their statewide assessments since the inception of the NCLB.In a study of over one thousand students it was launch that using a video presentation to help understand the test showed a significant sum up in their achievement (Cahalan, 2003). So why is the educational department not using these modifications that help so much? Another form of accommodation used in special education testing is response. It may be as simple as giving an oral response instead of a written one or it may mean that the test is dictated to the student by a recorder. These accommodations in no way alters the response that is given or received, it is still the same question being asked.Results carry shown that by providing a reader special education students showed a significant improvement in their test score (Cahalan, 2003). The last two accommodations are setting and timing. The timing could include any extra eon needed, breaks during the exam, or spreading the testing come out through a few days instead of winning it all in one day. And the final accommodation is setting, whi ch could include special furniture, lighting, or an individualized testing area (Cahalan, 2003).Even though there was no depict to prove that setting and timing are important accommodations, it is well known that many special education students are tested in clandestine rooms with more time. These accommodations should be accessible for special education students that need them to better their test taking skills. However, many states do not allow such accommodations to be made due to the misconceived conception that they change the contents of the test when in actuality they do not in any way alter the questions asked. opera hat PRACTICES IN ASSESSMENT HANDOUT Create a shared mission and goals statement that reflects an emphasis on student learning. Focus on collaboration and teamwork. Faculty members must agree on assessment goals for prep to be meaningful. They may have to rise to a higher aim of collaboration than may have been traditionally practiced in most departments. Col laboration within the department, across departments, and with higher administration will facilitate the best outcomes from assessment planning.All constituents must recognize that assessment skills must be create and that colleagues can assist each other by sharing practices and strategies. Clarify the purpose of assessment. Assessment can serve dual purposes Assessment can promote student learning or provide evidence for accountability requirements through an evaluation of strengths and weaknesses. Wherever manageable, students should experience a direct, positive benefit from their participation in assessment activities. Identify clear, measurable, and developmental student learning OUTCOMES.Explicit identification of learning expectations facilitates the departments coherence somewhat their GOALS. Sharing those expectations explicitly with students can provide an effective learning scaffold on which students can instal their experiences and render effective performance. wor k multiple MEASURES and sources consistent with resources. Effective assessment planning can precisely occur when properly supported with appropriate time, money, and recognition for good work. The expansiveness of the assessment plan will depend on those resources.As resources permit, additional MEASURES can be added to planning. These MEASURES address variations in learning style, differences in types of learning, and interests from varied stakeholders. Implement continuous assessment with clear, manageable timelines. Better assessment practice involves spreading out assessment activity throughout the year and across years rather than conducting a marathon neat-run assessment effort in a single year. Projecting a schedule of regular formal reviews can facilitate appropriate interim activity. Help students succeed on assessment tasks.Students will shape up best in assessment activities when faculty make expectations explicit, provide detailed instructions, and offer samples or models of successful performance. They will benefit most with opportunities to practice prior to assessment and when given detailed feedback about the quality of their performance. Interpret and use assessment results appropriately. Assessment should be a stimulus for growth, renewal, and improvement, not an action that generates data to ensure positive outcomes. Linking funding to assessment outcomes may encourage artificial results.Assessment data should not be used for personnel decisions. If cross-institution comparisons are inevitable, care should be taken to ensure comparisons across similar institutions (benchmarking). Evaluate your assessment practices. Results from assessment activity should be evaluated to address their reliability, validity, and utility. Poor student performance can reflect limited learning or an ill-designed assessment process. Examining how effectively the assessment strategy meets departmental needs is a critical step in the evolution of the departmen t plan.(Retrieved from www. caspercollege. edu/assessment/downloads/best_practices. pdf) The Effect of NCLB Assessments on Special Education Programs When the Department of Education was asked how they intend to insure that special education students will not be forced to take tests that are above their intelligence level under the NCLB act, they could not give a real solution. They simply said that there are accommodations available, and if the students disability is severe to the send that the accommodations will not help, there are alternate tests they can take (Education Week, 2003).However, the problem with this is that there is no clear definition as to who is able to receive these accommodations and who is able to receive the alternate assessment. Who decides this? And how handicapped must a student be in order to receive an alternate assessment? Even though special education students are not at the same intelligence level as their peers they are still placed in the same tes t group as them. The NCLB act does not include in its AYP percentage the failing percentage rate of special education students in each given population.Therefore, teachers and school administration are trying to make up for the percentage loss in special education departments. Some teachers are now, for the first time, being held accountable for failing test scores. This, in effect, causes teachers to alter their curriculum and teach to the test? (Goldhaber, 2002). By doctrine to the test students are missing out on important curriculum education that may be overlooked completely or presented in short educational lecture in the middle of teaching test taking skills and other information that may be found on the assessments. Possible Improvement to the Assessment and Accountability.To improve the NCLB act we must first know what is wrong with the act. While the idea of leaving no child behind in education is a good plan, there are still a few loop holes that the presidents act need s to clear up. The students that are placed in the special education setting are usually there because they have a disability or are below average in their cognitive abilities. In order to be fair to these students the government must be sure that they have the same quality education as all other students, but the government must also realize that the curriculum of the material they are learning may in some cases be drastically different.With this knowledge, it must then be known that to accurately and fairly assess special education students the assessments must be built with the correct accommodations. In order for this to happen, those who design the tests must develop an exam that meets the needs of the student, and not the needs of the disorder. In other words, do not test a student as an autistic child but first look at their individual advantages and disadvantages according to each test taking skill.Some students may simply need more time, while others will need more time alo ng with a person to read to them and interpret some larger word usage. It is all based on the students individual needs (Cahalan, 2003). In other words the decisions of the accommodations should be made by people that know the student on a personal level, and know what accommodations are present in their current education setting. As stated before, with some assessments the IEP will meet to rig what accommodations will be made for the students in that assessment, However, this is not the case in the NCLB assessments but it should be.Those who are teaching and raising the child should be a part of the process of determining how the child is assessed and what accommodations are undeniable (Washington, 2003). It is important for the education of future special education students that the Department of Education take into numerateation the possible reforms that were suggested by many local government and teachers surrounding them. Improvements can be made to the assessment of special education, and should be made to be sure that all students are receiving a fair and adequate education.disproportionate identification of minorities in some special education categories When speaking of the learning disabled, minorities, one must consider some dimensions to the issue of assessment within a particularly specialized light. This special population reflects both(prenominal) the learning disabled (LD) and the minority that they belong to. This is largely the case within a practical context, although as the literature points out, pre-considerations must be afforded for minority students. To begin with, it is important to look at the many variables that follow within the aforementioned components.These components include English as a Second Language (ESL), socioeconomic level and finally the impact this has on teaching the learning disabled in a classroom setting and more specifically when employing the assistance of a translator. Curriculum-based assessment is hampered with some biases that can affect these students (Dolson, 1984). A childs race and paganity significantly influence the childs probability of being mis determine, misclassified, and inappropriately placed in special education programs. query shows the relationship between race and ethnicity and other variables for students placement in special education classes.Variables such as language, poverty, assessment practices, systemic issues, and professional development opportunities for teachers have been cited as factors that play a role in disproportionate representation (emstac. org). Children from culturally and linguistically diverse background signals should be able to receive an excellent and appropriate education. Some students are not included in special education programs, even though they have a disability that is affecting their ability to learn and they need special education help.Some CLD populations are also significantly under-represented in programs for the gifted and /or talented. In these instances, CLD groups are considered under-represented because the proportion of students from certain ethnic or racial groups who receive special services are significantly less than the number of these same students in the overall school population (U. S. Department of Education, 2004). Facts Hispanics are under-identified within certain disability categories compared to their snow-clad peers (U. S. Department of Education, 2006). Asian/Pacific Islander students are actually less likely to be identified for special education services than other CLD populations (NABE, 2002). There are a number of possible action steps school personnel can take to ensure that individual assessments are conducted in a culturally responsive and nondiscriminatory manner (Klotz Canter 2006). Recommendations include Allowing more time. Assessments of students from diverse backgrounds require more time to gather important background information and allow for alternative and flexi ble procedures.Gathering extensive background information. To provide a context for the evaluation, conduct a review of all available background information including school attendance, family structure, household changes and moves, and medical, developmental, and educational histories. Utilizing student progress monitoring data from Response-to-Intervention (RtI) or problem-solving processes. Data generated from a process that determines if the child responds to scientific evidence-based interventions should be included in a comprehensive evaluation.The field of study seek Council on Minority Representation in Special Education recommended the use of data from a regular problem-solving process measuring the students response to high quality interventions (National Research Council, 2002, pp. 7-8). Addressing the role of language. ascertain the need for and conducting dual language assessments are essential steps in an evaluation process. This includes determining the students l anguage history (i. e. , ages that the student spoke and heard various languages), dominance (i. e. , greatest language proficiency), and preference (i. e. , the language the student prefers to speak). Using signed and alternative assessment strategies. When assessing students from CLD backgrounds, use standardized nonverbal cognitive and translated tests (when available in the target language). Additional assessment techniques, including curriculum-based assessments, test-teach-test strategies and in-direct sources of data, such as teacher and lift reports, portfolios, work samples, teacher/student checklists, informal interviews and observations, and classroom test scores are also cooperative in completing an accurate, comprehensive evaluation (NEA, 2007). Bibliography Bush, President George W.(December 3, 2004). Bipartisan Special Education Reform Bill. Retrieved from http//www. ed. gov/ tidings/newsletters/extracredit/ 2004/12/1203. html Cahalan, C. Morgan, D. L. (2003). Rev iew of state policy for high stakes testing of students with disabilities on high school exit exams. Educational Testing Service. Department of Education. (2003). Title I ? better the Academic doing of the Disadvantaged Proposed Rule. (34 CFR Part 200). Washington, DC U. S. Government Printing Office. Dolson, David P. (1985). The Effect of Spanish Home Language Use on the Scholastic Performance of Hispanic Pupils. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, V. 6, No. 2,50. Fair Test. (2005). The National Center for Fair Open Testing. Retrieved from http//www. fairtest. org on October 12, 2011 Goldhaber, D. (2002). What might go wrong with the accountability measures of the? No Child Left Behind Act? The Urban Institute. IDEA Partnership.http//www. ideapartnership. org Klot z, M. B. Canter, A. (2006). Culturally Competent Assessment and Consultation. Retrieved October 2011 from http//www.naspcenter. org/principals/Culturally%20Competent%20Assessment%20and%20Consultatio n%20NASSP. pdf.Improving accountability for limited English proficient and special education students under the No Child Left Behind Act. (2003). Washington Area School Study Council. National Association of School Psychology. (2007). The Truth in Labeling Disproportionality Special Education.Retrieved from www. nea. org/books on October 15, 2011. National control stick mission on Learning Disabilities. (2001a). Issues in learning disabilities Assessment and diagnosis. In Collective perspectives on issues affecting learning disabilities (2nd ed. , pp. 5561). Austin, TX Pro-Ed. (Original work published 1987) National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities.(2005). Responsiveness to intervention and learning disabilities. Available from www. ldonline. org/njcld. National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities. (2007). The documentation disconnect for students with learning disabilities Improving access to postsecondary disability services. Available from www. ldonline. org/njcld National Center for Culturally Responsive Educational Systems. (Fall 2005).Cultural considerations and challenges in response-to-intervention models. An NCCRESt position statement. Retrieved October 2011 From http//www. nccrest. org/PDFs/rti. pdf? v_document_name=Culturally%20Responsive%20RTI.No educator left behind Testing special education students. (2003). Retrieved October 15, 2011, from http//www. education-world. com/a_issues/NELB/NELB025. shtml Olson, L. (2004). Data show schools making progress on federal goals. Education Week, 24, 24-28.Retrieved from http//www. edweek. org Tomes, H. Ph. D. (2004). In public interest Are we really leaving no child behind? American Psychologist, 35, 31-35. Retrieved from www. apa. org on October 15, 2011 U. S. Department of Education. (2004). Twenty-fourth annual report to Congress on the instruction execution of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Washington, DC Author.

The Caribbean People Essay Example for Free

The Caribbean People EssaySaladoid culture is a pre-columbian indigenous culture of Venezuela and the Caribbean that flourished from 500 BCE to 545 CE. 1 This culture is legal opinion to pretend originated at the lower Orinoco River near the modern settlements of Saladero and Barrancas in Venezuela. Seafaring sight from the lowland region of the Orinoco River of entropy America migrated into and established settlements in the Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, and Hispaniola. 1 They displaced the pre-ceramic Ortoiroid culture. As a horticultural people, they initially occupied wetter and more fertile islands that best accommodated their needs. These Indigenous peoples of the Americas were an Arawak-speaking culture. among 500-280 BCE, they immigrated into Puerto Rico and the Lesser Antilles, heretoforetually making up a large portion of what was to become a single Caribbean culture. editCulture Saladoid people be characterized by agriculture, ceramic production, and sedentary settlements. 1 Their unique and highly decorated clayw ar has enabled archaeologists to recognize their sites and to determine their places of origin. Saladoid ceramics include zoomorphic effigy vessels, incense burners, platters, trays, jars, bowls with strap handles, and bell-shaped containers.The red pottery was painted with white, orange, and black slips. 1 Distinctive Saladoid artifacts are stone pendants, shaped like raptors from South America. These were made from a range of exotic materials, including such as carnelian, turquoise, lapis lazuli, amethyst, crystal quartz, jasper-chalcedony, and fossilized wood. These were traded through the Great and Lesser Antilles and the South American mainland, until 600 CE. 1 The Taino of the Greater Antilles represented the last stage of the Ostionoid cultural tradition.By about AD 1100-1200, the Ostionoid people of Hispaniola lived in a wider and more diverse geographic area than did their predecessors their villages were larger and mo re formally arranged, earth was intensified, and a distinctive material culture developed. They developed rich and vibrant ritual and artistic traditions that are revealed in Taino craftsmanship in using bone, shell, stone wood and other media. Social stratification is thought to have become more pronounced and rigid during this period as well. This stage of intensification and elaboration by and by AD 1100 is known as Taino.The Taino people, as characterized by archaeologists, were not a unified society, and have been categorise into subdivisions according to the degree of elaboration in their artistic and social expression. The Central or Classic Tainos are identified with the most complex and intensive traditions, and are represented archaeologically by Chican-Ostionoid material culture. They occupied such(prenominal) of Hispaniola, including En Bas Saline. The Western Taino occupied central Cuba, Jamaica, and parts of Hispaniola, and , are also associated archaeologically wi th the Ostionoid-Meillacan material tradition.The Lucayan Taino lived in the Bahamas, and the eastern Taino are thought to have lived in regions of the Virgin Islands and the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles. As many archaeologists have emphasized, however, the Taino were but one of the recognizable cultural groups in the Caribbean at the time of contact. They co-existed and interacted with other Ostionan peoples and perhaps even Saladoid-influenced Archaic peoples, such as the Guanahatabey of Cuba and the Caribs of the Lesser Antilles.

European Politics Essay Example for Free

European Politics EssayEuropean Union has a evolutional fib. Many Countries struggle to benefit Independences this the whole aim of the European Nationsstruggle? This paper has discussed the reasons there struggle some being to urinate Independence, new(prenominal)wises needed to be autonomous and otherwises wanting to unite with Russia. They faced umpteen challenges, and were organized in parties. European politics is heterogeneous with the continuous semipolitical evolution. Due to the high political unity amongst European states as well as the states long history, European politics is more detailed comp ard to other continents. The European political make-up has been contributed to by its historical events, culture, economy and its geographical location. European Union is overabundant in the modern European politics. This occurred since the collapse of the Eastern Bloc of communists states and the fall of iron curtains. afterward being War II the EU expand to ward s the East and included 27 states as atoms. These states argon delineated in the European sevens. European has been undergoing political transformation even since 1763 to 1787.After the sevener age war (1756-63) there was a stability period of peace. In 1702-1714, there was the war of the Spanish succession, and this was after many years of the great cosmos War. This war took fifty years. Some British and French statesmen had tried to reach a long lasting peace by use of collective aegis, but the old contests had non stopped after the Utrecht-Rastatts peace and some more including northern Europe, Germany, Near East and Italy positive in the succeeding decades.It was in the seven years war of 1756-63 when a climax of forty years of imbalance of struggle for power was reached. This war was bigger than the war of Spanish succession and more rakehell was shed, and ended up with its fighters tired of fighting and exhausted. The results were decisive in continental theatres as well as in maritime, but in varying at up. Spain was defeated by Britain in the fight for colonies and seas lead defeated France on sea, and by Prussia on land. This do France to collapse financially.The aggressive spirit of King Frederick the wide of Prussia was decreased at the end of war. European states are part of the inter body political organizations which are political and stintingally. approximately all European states are members of European council which is the only Pan-European organization. The activities of the European council are programs that harmonize regulations and law amongst the member state in citizenship, bioethics. Heritage protection the linguistic and cultural minority right among others.In other terms the council potty be related to regional version state jointly related to governance and national northward. It plays role as a market, with customs union, common policy in Agriculture and Fisheries as well as acting as a single currency with thirt een of its twenty seven members adopting. This union constitutes the largest economy worldwide consisting 2007 nominal GDP of 15. 849 million USD. The union primarily started as an economic union in the beginning evolving into a political policy, and this has been contributed by the many political areas within EU competence. there has been a debate between and within some member states concerning more development in political competence of EU. There was a military alliance of European states together with United States of America and Canada, ordinarily known as North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), which was founded as a collective security as a result of World War II. This alliance targeted to provide defense incase the Soviet Union attacked the European allies of United States. The attack was to be treated as if it had attacked the United States pushchair in mind it was composed of the largest military.They expected to get the best defense, but the Soviet never invaded Euro pe, or else the alliance was involved in September 12th 2001, responding to the previous days attack on the United States. GUAM organization for Democracy and Economic Development was organize to counter the Russias influence in that area. This chemical group constituted four common wealth independent states (CIS) that is Georgia, Ukraine, Azerba-Ijan and Moldova, though it was encouraged and backed up by the United States.It reached a time when it appeared to have ceased its operation but there is a disaster to revive its operation through developments. The common wealth of the independent states (CIS) has few international powers, but its a symbolic organization that has power to coordinate trade, security, law making and finance. It came up with a full-fledged free trade zone between its members, who are 12 states of 15 states of former Soviet Union, excluding Baltic States, in 2005. This confederation has enhances cooperation on democratization and has prevented cross borde r crime.In devolutionary pressures, movements requiring independence or familiarity varied in politically and popularity support depending on campaign, and the kind of movements Georgia has twain region and cute to join with Russia, in Italy, there was a small independent movement, and the Lega Nord, the Italian political caller, supports, blamed gray Italy for blocking progress and getting tax line of descents away and condemned them as racial nationalist group. On the other hand it supported the Northern Italy. Italy is to be divided into two countries, the North and the S forthh.In Netherlands, Frisian National fellowship sought autonomy for Friesland without caring about Fresian culture and without striving for total independent. Transylvania belonged to Austria-Hungary before the Treaty of Triarion. There is small minority Hungarian ethic who felt like re mating with Hungary. These are habitants of Romania. The North Caucasus border of Russia, supports has movements in s earch for independence. The English Democrats in United Kingdom apothegm the need for England to devolve. In United Kingdom is composed for a mixture of many parties with divergent wills.In this state, there are movements and parties that needed independence and at the same time some parties wanted to be controld in the Republic of Ireland and so saw not need of the province being in the union. After the pick of Victor Yuschenko as a president some areas in Ukraine wanted to join Russia. Ukraine did not only have movements that wanted complete independence, but also the urge to get higher autonomy, after uniting with Russia. Though some autonomous regions of Spain are peaceful, they violently acquired the peace.In 2006, there were international negotiations to define closing status of Kosovo a Serbias province, which all through had territorial and political dispute between its ethnical population and the Serbian government organization. In 1532, some movements in Northern Fra nce lost independence, and they wanted to determine it. These countries in the State had different needs as pertains the movements nature or sort of composition to the kind of campaign. These needs or rather goals varied from attaining autonomy, attaining independence or the need to meet with Russia.The Unions membership enlargement poses a political issue essay to know from the diving the extent at which the block should move. The block location in terms of size and the fear of the block moving rattling far and including other regions created a challenge to the European Union. European nation is divided into council, parliament council of European Union and heraldic bearing. The commission has the mandate to Rome up with registration and the use of law each member state is represented by a member. President comes from the commission.The unions prime minister has different powers with the president Directorate-General (DG) and commissioner, but they have similar roles. The cou ncils have no delegated power to the unions supranational institutions, and have no treaties official power. The head of state has similar roles to council. Legislative branch of the union incorporate parliament and council, whose formation differs as in the parliament is elect trainly while the council is formed and in general of national ministers. Insensitive areas have lower control of national minister.The powers in the union are presumptuousness according to towboats. These pillars are usually three the starting signal one being that of friendship, the second is Common outside(prenominal) and Security Policy (CFSP) while the third is Police and Judicial Cooperation in Criminal matters (PJCC). Just to mention, the first First pillar entails common Fisheries poly, Agricultural policy, Environmental law, Immigration Poly, Education and culture among others. The second pillar has security policy and foreign policy and the third pillar deals with human beings trafficking F raud and bribery, terrorism, weapon import among others.Each pillars principles differ on intergovernmental and supranational basis, supranationalism being higher in beginning(a) pillar. After every five years by adult suffrage, votes are casted. Despite having no select system, there should be a ratio in representing either singly or under a party the area at which the votes casting is done can be in whole or subdivided, and resource threshold should be below five percent. The European law requires to be bound to.The union makes legislative acts and all its members are expected to bind to a direct applied law (regulation, a frame make of objectives in which a national law in order to achieve its goals, and a termination based on particular issue are the key forms by which a union can present its legislative acts. (HayMenon,2007). European bases their constitution texts on their treaties. The role of the European treaties is to form institution which are given aims of the union , which are set also by the treaties and the institution should always aim at attain the set aims.Currently the European integration is under four treaties, namely the Treaty of European nation which was put to work in November 1993 after it was signed on 7th February 1992 in Maastricht. This treaty was involved with security policy and Home Affairs. The Treaty showing European Economic Community (ECC) which was put into put through on inaugural January 1958 and was signed at the same time with Euratom treaty, in Rome on troop the 25th of 1957, and due to the place at which it was signed, its usually also referred to as the Treaty of Rome. The treaty of capital of France was put to work on 23rd day of July 1952 but discontinue on 23rd day of July 2002.It was signed on the 18th day of April, 1951, and was involved with putting into place the European steel and ember community. The forth treaty was involved with the development of European atomic Energy community which is commonl y referred to as Euratom Treaty and was signed at Rome on the 25th day of March, 1957. There were times when these treaties expired or required additional or subtraction of some of its terms and roles thus the need for changes and reforms. European political party is obliged to operate transitionally in the state, and is usually funded and recognized by the European Union.Their formation is usually bases on partly parties in the whole Europe. As per the European parliament and commission as there were ten (10) recognized parties by 2006, namely European People Party which was the first to be formed, then the European collectivistic Party was formed, followed by European Liberal Democrat and crystalize Party, the Free Alliance European Party, the European Areas Party, Alliance for Europe of the Nations, European theft party, European republican party, Alliance of Independent Democrats in Europe and EU Democratic, which were formed respectively.These parties mostly consider co-oper ating and working as a coalition as this makes them stronger and gives the party a chance to get higher financial fund rate from the parliament at the same time ensuring they have access to committees clothe which an independent party can afford to access due to the cost. To enhance the uniting of parties, however requires that the member states votes for the Groups MEPs should not be less than one-fifth, that its MEPs can create a group of their wish, that all MEPs in a group should be registered in only one group and that, a groups MEPs should be of the same political goal.Its only after fulfilling these requirements that two groups can join and unite to for a coalition thus enjoying the privileges. The Groups can either be organized from many European parties, national parties or be do of MEPs of a single European political party. An Account of the changes that the European Socialist Parties have undergone since the Second World War. European Socialist Part (PES) in a party in the European political party composed of equal number of labor, sociable democratic, and state-controlled parties from members states of European Union and also from Norway.The socialist party constitutes socialist group in parliament which is composed of more than 200 MEPs thus making the group to be second largest, in the European parliament. This socialist group was there since 1953 and the socialist party was formed back in 1992. Ever since its the party held the largest single group position in the parliament. After the partys formation in 1953, socialist party Henri Spaak was elected first president, with Guy Mollet elected the first bureau and secretariat apart from being the chair.The socialists attempt to produce a common European socialists program in 1961 being outlaid by an enlargement application. Despite their congress trying to enhance more democratization, and parliament powers in 1962, it took them longer than they expected since this was considered in 1969, after Kate Strobel MEP winning the 1st woman chair. They continued to achieve and rule and in 1971s elections saw their member, Walter Behrendt as the second parliament president.It took few years since then when other states joined the community and brought with them some more parties, which enlarged the community as well as the congress. These states included Ireland, United Kingdom and Denmark and after meeting they made social policy in which they were entitled to democracy, equality and give them the right to work in the European economy. Elections were carried out again in 1975, and socialist Georges Spenale was as the parliaments president. After the union with Ireland, Denmark and United Kingdom, a confederation of the European communities socialist party was formed.Their was an election manifesto, which the confederation signed after the parliaments first direct elections in 1979, and the manifesto objective was aimed at ending discrimination, promoting peace, fighting pollution and ensuring the ability to decent work among others. They were the largest group in the parliament. Two years after the direct election, its first status was signed and they unite with other states like Greece, Portugal and Spain made this party to increase.It did not take the Group long before they saw the need and the privileged of cooperation in 1987 they cooperated with peoples party group thus increasing their number. (Grolier, Inc, 2002). In 1992, the already existing confederation was changed to party of European socialist, whose manifesto had more issues to deal with compare to the election manifesto and the added areas included gender equality, fighting organized crimes and democracy among others. The party had its second leader in the 1994s election after the party won two speed of light and fifteen (215) out of the ready(prenominal) six hundred and twenty six (626).After a five year period of ruling, the parliament refused to sign for approval of the commissions EU bu dget handling, and this lead to crisis. This was because of the allegation of corruption made to two of the socialists members. The socialists tried to bloc the order made by the commission that the members relate had to resign, by their president trying to vote confidence vote in the commission, since the PES took the issue as a false allegation made to stop them from participating in the years election.Since socialist were the majority they were on the government side, they decided to stop helping or rather supporting the other party thus facilitating santer commissions to resign. After the five years of ruling, elections was carried out, the socialists lost the votes to peoples party with the winning party attaining two hundred and thirty three the socialists had only one hundred and eighty. In the 2004 elections the socialist party lost once more by getting only two hundred seats in seven hundred and thirty two seats.The European Political history has been an evolutional proces s. The struggle was aimed at either attaining independence, or becoming autonomous. The European politics is composed of the parliament headed by a President from a party with the majority seats, the commission, and a council. Each of its constituent has its mandate and powers. The Socialist Party headed in the parliament longer till 1999.

Coal mining Essay Example for Free

char mining Essay burn mining has been around for decades since the 1800s and ember has been proponenting our lights even till today. The documentary called, ruin the prospective sear in America presented a round of vital information about how the sear industries work and how ember helps the nation stay lit. Countries that build the worlds biggest blacken plants are the United States, China and India. The call forths that approach pattern coal mining are Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia. Coal power plants emissions contain numerous elements and compounds including treat dioxide, nitrous oxide and other(a) elements including one of the largest sources which are carbon dioxide. Burning the future discusses the many factors that cause devastating outcomes.Mountain blanket removal and strip mining is a turn to obtain the coal and procedure has been practiced for many years in America. Coal supplies more than half of the vim for America and in the documentary, Ed Hop kins who is a director of environmental Quality in the sierra club states that, Coal supplies more than half of the elan vital right now, we are going to rely on coal in the near future at that place is no way around that. Coal supplies may be the further vitality that stand bugger off half of the nations electricity but there are other alternatives that buttocks replace coal.The process in coal mining is basically mountain vellicate removal. Mountain top removals consist of about atomic number 23 steps. The initial step in mountain top removal is forest are cleared-cut and in this process miners must destroy wild life habitat and likewise using explosives to get deep into the pump of the mountain top to obtain the coal seam. The second process is using huge shovels to dig into the disgrace and trucks that haul away the remains and push it into the valleys. The third process is to dig into the rock and expose the coal. Coal industries amaze machines that weigh nearly e ight million and these big machines are operated by mine workers. These machines can tear up a mountain in a year and these coal industries make a lot of money because they provide electricity for people like us.The fourth process is when the machines gather a large layer of coal, dumping them on the adjacent valleys which creates valley fills. The last process is basically coal industries are usually supposed to reclaim the land but usually they leave the area bare. Although majority of the industries replant vegetation in reality the mountain will never return to its original state and this can cause manyissues to the people in the area and as well around the world. Mountain top generates a huge amount of waste because coal must be burned and it generates a lot of liquid waste which forms into slur. It contains carcinogenic compounds and toxic heavy metals and the slur is stored in large areas of water that sometimes can leak or break and the outcome is floods and water contami nant.Coal mining contributes to climate changes and also health issues. The main issues we are having today are air pollution, break aparted weather caused by coal burning and the toxic emissions from coal power plants. Air pollution is a very huge know for America and all of the countries in the world. Green America.org states that, Pollution from coal power plants typically causes thirty gramme deceases a year in America. Pollution creates a lot of health problems for the people that live scraggy by the coal areas. Health effects are hospitalization, pulmonary disease, hypertension, kidney disease, heart disease and even cancer. Those who absorb begrime water in the area create bone damage and many other issues that offspring to death (Hendryx Ahern, 2008 Hitt Hendryx, 2010).In west Virginia, women who live near coal mining usually have execrable birth rates caused by the increase issues caused by coal mining industries. Children in the area also suffer health issues wh ich are asthma, severe headaches, blisters, and frequent runny noses because of being exposed to water contamination and air pollution from coal practices in the area. Some of the residents also reported skin issues because of using polluted water during baths and showers (Blankenship, 2006 Reece, 2006). Pollution from coal burning power plants kill more than those who drunken drive and have AIDS combined and the toxic from coal will just keep growing because we are non stopping or reducing the usage.Acid rain is another issue caused by the formation of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide entering the atmosphere because of coal burning and when it reacts with water and oxygen it then creates what we know as Acid rain. Acid rain causes many issues such as acidification in waterways that kill many fishes and disrupt the aquatic ecosystem. Trees and soils are also affected by this because it the acid rain damages them and cause future issues and acid rain causes decay in structures such as buildings and statues.Although in the documentary, Burning the future Coal in America states that the coal is the most abundant and the cheapest. Im sure we can find other alternatives that can substitute coal but I dont think the industries are willing to give up coal because it provides a lot of income for these industries. Even though coal may be the backbone of America, reducing the coal burning can help reduce the issues America is creating which are the thirty thousand plus death and the pollution. We can help reduce coals toxic emissions by using cleaner energy for the future. Clean energy consist of renewable energy which are wind, solar, biomass and geothermal which can supply very large portions of energy for America.Shifting towards this route can create a better sustainable future for not only America but for the world. In order to shoot for a better future we must first conserve. Conserving energy is basically driving little, buying less, turning things off when yo u dont need to use it anymore, using less water because heating water is basically using coal to heat the water. Using natural power and not relying on light bulbs and basically just cutting back on all the things youre helpless on. We need cleaner energy and we need to increase wind power and solar power so that our future will be healthier in the long run.Work CitedHendryx, M., Ahern, M. M. (2008). Relations between health indicators and residential proximity to coal mining in West Virginia. American Journal of Public Health, 98, 669-671.Blankenship, D. (2006). specially for people like us. In C. Warren (Ed.), Like walking onto another planet Stories about the sure impacts of mountaintop removal mining. Retrieved May 12, 2011 from http//www.ohvec.org/issues/mountaintop_removal/misc/ovec_mtrbooklet.pdfOvec (Organized Voices and Empowered Communites). 2012. Health Study Articles on the Effects of Coal Mining. http//www.ohvec.org/issues/mountaintop_removal/articles/health/index.h tmlRoger Philpot 2003-2012. key out about Coal factoids, did you know. http//rogerphilpot.homestead.com/CoalEducation.html

Information Age & its Impact on United States Essay Example for Free

Information while its Impact on United States Essaynumber of propositions. It implies that there is more learning now than incessantly before an indisputable claim. The concept also implies that more people spend more beat producing and utilize more information than ever before another indisputable assertion. Beyond that, the Information Age also suggests that the role of information is more important in the scrimping than ever before, and that information is replacing many earlier fuel of the American deliverance (Duncan 1994).These days the primary coil problem for most organizations and their employees is not the dearth of data but being able to evaluate what is mathematical functionful and what is not, where to find the good stuff, and then how to use it effectively (Computer periodical 2005). During the past 25 years, the pains has changed from simple data processing techniques high visibleness information technology. The challenges of data quality, regulati on, access and exploitation are rapidly increase in urgency (Computer Weekly 2005).For any organization effective information management will make the difference between grapple with a dreary burden or using information to gain clarity and build cutting opportunities. The extended theory founded on this core belief divides U. S. economic history into distinct eras, depending on the primary economic activity during the period (Duncan 1994). From colonial times until late in the 19th century, the American economy was agrarian. Then, approximately from the dawn of the 20th century through the end of the Second founding War, it was preeminently a manufacturing economy.Industry especially heavy industry was the motor that drove the entire economic engine. After World War II, the American economy increasingly came to be dominated by its service sector. By the mid-1950s, more than one-half of all U. S. employment was devoted to providing services rather than to fabricating goods (Dunc an 1994). The Pre-Information Age business parting was back up by the hierarchical managerial system to keep track of employees and the lap up they produced (Dmytrenko 1992). Office equipment included information producing tools, such as typewriters and adding machines.Most of the equipment was simple, manual in operation, bulky, and noisy. Clerical staff primarily used this equipment, as they were the appointed information processors of the time. Early efforts to improve office efficiency used industrial engineering techniques, employing time and motion studies to standardize the work tasks of office support staff, and maximize the workflow through effective office design. Information management was categorized as an intensely manual recordkeeping process (Dmytrenko 1992).Filing systems (alpha and/or numeric), and cross-referenced indexes were the normal records management techniques employed, and to be on the safe side, offices maintained multiple copies of the same document for back-up purposes. These practices resulted in increasing demands for office space dedicated to files. One source of confusion is the fact that the movements from manufacturing to services, and then to information, were of a different character than in earlier transitions.In the first place, while the transition from an agricultural to a manufacturing-based economy was marked by a decline in the number of jobs in agriculture, there has been no such diminution in the number of manufacturing jobs after the shift to a service economy. Moreover, American manufacturing currently accounts for roughly the same percentage of U. S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as three decades ago (Duncan 1994). As a further complication, many argue that the services sector of the economy simply cannot be seen as a separate segment or an economic subsystem.These observers instead insist that it serves precisely the manufacturing sector it is supposed to cook replaced and remains dependent even parasitic on manufacturing (Duncan 1994). Moreover, coming up with clear definitions and boundaries for the information industry is, on reflection, a highly complicated undertaking. The Pre-Information Age home was supported by very prefatory home appliances. These appliances were either on or off, and the home-user manually directed the status.Outside of some minor kitchen improvements, and the climax of television, the average person saw home advancements limited to seasonal color changes, such as aguacate green stoves (Dmytrenko 1992). Ongoing changes prevailed in the automobile industry, but slowly. Overall the era was devoid of any electronic intelligence. Business and the home were very separate and different worlds. The predominant orientation was that working people went to work to work, and the home was a place not to work. The telephone was the only information technology common to both the office and home.

Street Scene Essay Example for Free

Street Scene EssayIn the word-painting Street Scene, Pink Sky, Paris, at that place are several elements that make the painting a unique piece of subterfuge reflecting the contemporary olfactory perception of the expressionistic and post impressionistic movements of the early twentieth vitamin C. James Wilson Morrice expresses these movements completely in this painting, which is a masterwork of form, tinge and balance. In this painting, the first thing the eye goes to s the upper right hand p device of the painting. here there is a series of four buildings that are well illuminated and in shades of chicken and gold. The roofs are in shades of charcoal and burnt umber. ane notices that the buildings grow progressively sm aller as thy move down the street. Next, you notice the people. in that respect appear to be three women and a man. The man appears all in black, black overcoat and black hat. Next to him, facing him is a woman in a red dress and hat in brown and umb er. She is wearing gloves. unmatchables look then drift to the front left of the painting where the other deuce women are walking by the cafe. One appears to have brown hair and be wearing a white dress with a twin(a) white hat. The hat has a pink flower on it. The woman next to her, to her left, is wearing a dress of yellowish-brown, and a black hat.She overly has brown hair. To the extreme left, there is another building that appears to be a series of shops. This building has a dilapidated feel to it and is not as brightly lit as the buildings across the street. It presents a very stark contrast. The eyes then drift to the sky. It is a tumult of steely blues and pinky mauves. It looks like an evening storm sky, but it is just the settling dusk. One croupe feel the hurry of the people to get home after a day of neighborly gatherings or work. Finally, one gets to the bottom of the painting. Here one sees the edge of tables and chairs as one sits and contemplates as the adu lt male goes by.It is at if the informant is at a cross street. Looking down one street as they watch people pass by on another. That brings the viewer to another element of the painting main(prenominal)ly, the street. It is idle save for the people. There is not a carriage, horse, car, or anything on the street. Everyone is on foot. Though they are walking, there is no spirit of urgency in their movements. It is as if everyone is out for a Sunday stroll and the viewer is there watching as they drink their coffee and eat their croissant. This feels like a fairly typic street prognosis.The final element of the painting is just to the left of center. It is a cluster of trees and shrubbery. It ties the light and baleful elements of the painting together, as the trees have dark greens and blacks combine with light greens and yellow-greens to make a unifying element that brings all the elements together. The elements are arranged as if one is looking on a street and down a street at the same time. It is almost like a T intersection. The paining has a balance to it that takes the shape of a triangle. The lighter shaded elements are on the right side, and the darker shaded elements are on the left side.The browns, creams, umbers, and ocher colors confine themselves to the left. The golds reds, and blacks confine themselves to the right. The trees tie the light and dark elements together and give way them into a coherent genius and picture of everyday life on a Paris street. The trees also provide a much take balance. If it were not for the trees, there would be a harshness to the painting that would make it unbalanced and off-center. Morrice picks mostly sluggish shades for his painting, even the ocres and golds have a slightly muted quality about them. The colors commingle one into another, giving the painting a much needed fluidity.Morrice also arranges his larger elements to the back of the painting, forcing your eyes into the aforementioned triangle of the sky and the people. These are his main elements, and the ones your eyes go to after the brightness of the building. He wants the viewer to see the sky and the people and see some(prenominal) as time stopped, a moment that is captured forever. As mentioned before, the people are unhurried, and the sky is unhurried, which are the two elements that are the most important in this picture. Stylistically, the painting is a wonderful example of twentieth century post-impressionism.While it lacks the pestilentty of Monet, it generates the same feelings that the impressionists dothat is the sense that you are there, leaving you to interpret the details. That is the very character of impressionism. The viewer is given an idea, and they have to fill in the details. Post-impressionism at its soul is a revamping of the style without the subtle colors. Where Monet used pales and shades to make his point, Morrice uses muted bolds to bring the viewer to the scene. There is more a sense of ma king the impression more realistic instead of making it stylistic.This generates the move to the more bold moves of Picasso and his followers. Morrices work is in the vein of Cezanne. The use of color and element is similar in form and function, and the overall sense of the move to realism is there. Cezanne and Morrice both fit into the same mold, simply because they are both scene painters that use people as a focal point. The main difference is that Cezanne tends to use darker colors while Morrice uses brighter tones. They both tend to mute their tones, though Cezanne tends to do it more effectively than Morrice.Morrice borrows heavily from Cezanne. He uses blocks of color and focuses on sky, and the traditional views of the plane of the painting engender obsolete. Additionally, the conventions between foreground and background begin to become ambiguous. There is also a spatial ambiguity to the painting, as the sky becomes a patchwork of color, stream seamlessly one into anoth er. Even in the two women walking down the street seem to blend into separately other, the only differences seem to be in the distinction of their faces. The woman in brown seems to almost blend into the shops in the background.The woman in white appears to blend seamlessly into the scene. Faces are the only distinctions between people and background. There is only a bit of street and the black hat and face that even distinguishes her as an individual. The blocks of yellow are the only things that distinguish that there are four buildings. This is very much in the style of Cezanne. Even the trees and shrubbery seem to be in a block of color. Though the greens, blacks, and yellow-greens seem to blend, the eye can easily pick out the distinct shades and can see the summer look of the trees against the swarthy sky.Looking at the style of both Morrice and Cezanne, one sees incredible talent and gracious style. The overall impressionistic feel that we get from both painters is evident. As both move towards the twentieth century, there is a substitution from the previous impressionistic movement to the post impressionistic movement. The movement also shifts to the use of color in blocks to give movement and a sense of fluidity to the painting. Additionally, the focus on sky and people shows a movement away from the still lives and landscapes of the past to a movement of expressing people as the object and main idea of the painting.Thought the movement was not a long-lasting one, it left an impression on the art world that has affected painters and artists for years. The use of texture and color and form and function blend together flawlessly to create a new and exciting use of elements that added to the art world and still give us much to talk about today. The fact that we are able to draw comparisons to the present and the past shows us the relevance of the new art forms and how they still relate to todays art world.We as art historians cannot forget the contrib utions of the past as they will and do affect our futures. References Adams, L (1997). A history of Hesperian art. Madison, WI Brown and Benchmark. Art Gallery of Ontario, (2009). James Wilson Morrice, Street Scene, Pink Sky, Paris. Retrieved March 15, 2009, from Art Gallery of Ontario weave site http//www. ago. net/ago103760 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, (2009). Art History. Retrieved March 15, 2009, from Art History tissue site http//www. unc. edu/depts/wcwebs/handouts/arthistory. html